Closed Framing basics

Closed framing is a type of shot which conveys an artificial environment, in where the characters are in a way controlled or imprisoned by an external force which they can't perceive. This evokes this "made" setting in which characters are not in control, as if outside forces where dominant over their fate, movements, etc., creating a clautrophobic effect. Visual and sonic elements are usually overloaded in order to convey this artificial tone, as the frame captures the characters. An example of closed frame is the shooting in Elephant, in where the camera follows the characters of behind, as if showing they are not in control of their environment.